References
(1) Garrick, J. G. (1977). The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 5, 241-242.
(2) Woods, C., Hawkins, R., Hulse, M., & Hodson, A. (2003). The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 233-238.
(3) Cerezal, L., Abascal, F., Garcı´a-Valtuille, R., & Canga, A. (2005). Ankle MR Arthrography: How, Why, When. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 43, 693-707.
(4) Williams, G. N., Jones M. H., & Amendola, A. (2007). Syndesmotic ankle sprains in athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 1197- 1207.
(5) Baumhauer, J. F., Nawoczenski, D. A., DiGiovanni, B. F., & Flemister, A. S. (2004). Ankle pain and peroneal tendon pathology. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 23, 21-34.
(6) Renstrom,P., & Konradsen, L. (1997). Ankle ligament injuries.British Journal of Sports Medicine, 31, 11-20.
(7) Clanton, T. O., & Porter, D. A. (1997). Primary care of foot and ankle injuries in the athlete. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 16, 435-466.
(8) Nussbaum, E. D., Hosea, T. M., Sieler, S. D., Incremona B. R., & Kessler, D. E. (2001). Prospective Evaluation of Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains Without Diastasis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 29, 31-35.
(9) Boytim, M. J., Fischer, D. A., & Neumann, L. (1991). Syndesmotic ankle sprains. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 294-298.
(10) Trojian, T. H., & McKeag, D. B. (1998). Ankle Sprains: Expedient Assessment and Management. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 26, 106-116.
(11) Pen˜a, F. A., & Coetzee, J. C. (2006). Ankle Syndesmosis Injuries. Foot and Ankle Clinics of North America, 11, 35-40.
(12) Norkus, S. A., & Floyd, R. T. (2001). The Anatomy and Mechanisms of Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains. Journal of Athletic Training, 36, 68-73.
(13) Turco, V. J., & Gallant, G. G. (1995). Occult trauma and unusual injuries in the foot and ankle. The Lower Extremity and Spine in Sports Medicine, 1, 475–493.
(14) Pankovich, A., M. (1976). Maisonneuve fracture of the fibula. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 58, 337–342.
(15) Miller, C. D., Shelton, W. R., Barrett, G. R., Savoie, F. H., & Dukes, A. D. (1995). Deltoid and syndesmosis ligament injury of the ankle without fracture. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 746-750.
(16) Wolfe, M. W., Uhl, T. L., & McCluskey, L. C. (2001). Management of Ankle Sprains. American Family Physician, 63, 93-105.
(17) Sclafani, S. J. A. (1985). Ligamentous injury of the lower tibiofibular syndesmosis: Radiographic evidence. Radiology, 156, 21-27.
(18) Ebraheim, N. A., Lu, J., Yang, H., et al. (1997). Radiographic and CT evaluation of tibiofibular syndesmotic diastasis: a cadaver study. Foot and Ankle International, 18, 693– 698.
(19) Ogilvie-Harris, D. J., & Reed, S. C. (1994). Disruption of the Ankle Syndesmosis: Diagnosis and Treatment by Arthroscopic Surgery. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 10, 561-568.
(20) Bloemers, F., & Bakker, F. (2006). Acute Ankle Syndesmosis Injury In Athletes. European Journal of Trauma, 32(4), 350-356.
(21) Fujii, M., Suzuki, D., Uchiyama, E., Muraki, T., Teramoto, A., Aoki, M., et al. (2010). Does distal tibiofibular joint mobilization decrease limitation of ankle dorsiflexion? [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2009.08.008]. Manual Therapy, 15(1), 117-121.
(22) Taylor, D. C., Tenuta, J. J., Uhorchak, J. M., & Arciero, R. A. (2007). Aggressive Surgical Treatment and Early Return to Sports in Athletes With Grade III Syndesmosis Sprains. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(11), 1833(1836).
(23) Williams, G. N., & Allen, E. J. (2010). Rehabilitation of Syndesmotic (High) Ankle Sprains. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2(6), 460-470.
(24) Reese, N. B. (2005). Muscle and sensory testing (2nd ed.). St Louis: Elsevoer Saunders.
(2) Woods, C., Hawkins, R., Hulse, M., & Hodson, A. (2003). The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 233-238.
(3) Cerezal, L., Abascal, F., Garcı´a-Valtuille, R., & Canga, A. (2005). Ankle MR Arthrography: How, Why, When. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 43, 693-707.
(4) Williams, G. N., Jones M. H., & Amendola, A. (2007). Syndesmotic ankle sprains in athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 1197- 1207.
(5) Baumhauer, J. F., Nawoczenski, D. A., DiGiovanni, B. F., & Flemister, A. S. (2004). Ankle pain and peroneal tendon pathology. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 23, 21-34.
(6) Renstrom,P., & Konradsen, L. (1997). Ankle ligament injuries.British Journal of Sports Medicine, 31, 11-20.
(7) Clanton, T. O., & Porter, D. A. (1997). Primary care of foot and ankle injuries in the athlete. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 16, 435-466.
(8) Nussbaum, E. D., Hosea, T. M., Sieler, S. D., Incremona B. R., & Kessler, D. E. (2001). Prospective Evaluation of Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains Without Diastasis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 29, 31-35.
(9) Boytim, M. J., Fischer, D. A., & Neumann, L. (1991). Syndesmotic ankle sprains. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 294-298.
(10) Trojian, T. H., & McKeag, D. B. (1998). Ankle Sprains: Expedient Assessment and Management. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 26, 106-116.
(11) Pen˜a, F. A., & Coetzee, J. C. (2006). Ankle Syndesmosis Injuries. Foot and Ankle Clinics of North America, 11, 35-40.
(12) Norkus, S. A., & Floyd, R. T. (2001). The Anatomy and Mechanisms of Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains. Journal of Athletic Training, 36, 68-73.
(13) Turco, V. J., & Gallant, G. G. (1995). Occult trauma and unusual injuries in the foot and ankle. The Lower Extremity and Spine in Sports Medicine, 1, 475–493.
(14) Pankovich, A., M. (1976). Maisonneuve fracture of the fibula. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 58, 337–342.
(15) Miller, C. D., Shelton, W. R., Barrett, G. R., Savoie, F. H., & Dukes, A. D. (1995). Deltoid and syndesmosis ligament injury of the ankle without fracture. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 746-750.
(16) Wolfe, M. W., Uhl, T. L., & McCluskey, L. C. (2001). Management of Ankle Sprains. American Family Physician, 63, 93-105.
(17) Sclafani, S. J. A. (1985). Ligamentous injury of the lower tibiofibular syndesmosis: Radiographic evidence. Radiology, 156, 21-27.
(18) Ebraheim, N. A., Lu, J., Yang, H., et al. (1997). Radiographic and CT evaluation of tibiofibular syndesmotic diastasis: a cadaver study. Foot and Ankle International, 18, 693– 698.
(19) Ogilvie-Harris, D. J., & Reed, S. C. (1994). Disruption of the Ankle Syndesmosis: Diagnosis and Treatment by Arthroscopic Surgery. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 10, 561-568.
(20) Bloemers, F., & Bakker, F. (2006). Acute Ankle Syndesmosis Injury In Athletes. European Journal of Trauma, 32(4), 350-356.
(21) Fujii, M., Suzuki, D., Uchiyama, E., Muraki, T., Teramoto, A., Aoki, M., et al. (2010). Does distal tibiofibular joint mobilization decrease limitation of ankle dorsiflexion? [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2009.08.008]. Manual Therapy, 15(1), 117-121.
(22) Taylor, D. C., Tenuta, J. J., Uhorchak, J. M., & Arciero, R. A. (2007). Aggressive Surgical Treatment and Early Return to Sports in Athletes With Grade III Syndesmosis Sprains. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(11), 1833(1836).
(23) Williams, G. N., & Allen, E. J. (2010). Rehabilitation of Syndesmotic (High) Ankle Sprains. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2(6), 460-470.
(24) Reese, N. B. (2005). Muscle and sensory testing (2nd ed.). St Louis: Elsevoer Saunders.
